The formation of gametes (primary sex cells) is the basic process in embryology , it represents the first step in creation of a new human being and it is called gametogenesis . The gametes are produced from primordial germ cells , formed in the ectoderm during 2nd week  and move to the wall of the yolk sac up to the 3rd week  .These cells  are easily recognized because they contain large amounts of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase.

      During the 4th week , these cells migrate from the yolk sac to the genital ridge and arrive the developing gonads at the end of the 5th week.  The direction of growth varies after this , depending on the gender (sex) of the baby as follows:
In female , the primordial germ cells that enter the developing ovary to form the oogonia, the primary origin of ova.
In male, the primordial germ cells divide to form the spermatogonia stem cells , the primary origin of sperms.

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The Holy Qura’n points , in many verses , that the beginning of the progeny of Adam is from nutfah :  ” He has created man from nutfah (a drop of mingled fluid ) ; yet behold !  he is an obvious opponent  ..”   (Surah A-Nahl ; 16 : Ayah 4 )  –” His companion said to him , while disputing with him : Do you disbelieve in Him (God) Who created you from dust, then from nutfah ( drop of mingled fluid) , then He fashioned  you into a  man” (Surah Al-kahf ; 18 : Ayah 37  )  — ” O people! if you are in doubt about he Resurrection, then surely We created you from dust, then from nutfah (a drop of mingled fluid) , ….”  ( Surah Al-Hajj ; 22 : Ayha 5) — ” And Allah did create you from dust; then from nutfah (a  drop of mingled fluid ) …”(Surah Fatir; 35 : Ayah 11)  — ” Does not man see that We have created him from nutfah ( a drop of  mingled fluid  ) ; yet behold !  he is an obvious opponent  ..” ( Surah Ya-Seen; 36 : Ayah 77) —  ”And that He did create the two sexes ; the male and female * from nutfah when it is poured forth ” (Surah An-Najm ; 53 Ayahat  45 & 46 ) — ” From what thing did He created him * From nutfah ( a drop of mingled fluid ) He created him , then  immediately  planned (programmed ) him. “. (Surah Abasa ; 80 : Ayahat  18 & 19 ) .

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        The hadith that describes the the human development in the first forty days  was narrated by  Abdullah Ibn  Mas’ud -  he may be blessed by Allah – , he said :  Allah’s Messenger ( peace and blessings be upon him ), the  truthful and  truly-inspired (trusted) , said  : Each one one of you  is collected (i.e. constituents of creation are collected together)  in his mother’s abdomen  (i.e. womb )  for  40 days , and in that it is an alaqah like that , then in that it is a mudghah like that. Then God sends an angle and order him with four words (i.e. instructions) . He is told to record  his  livelihood ( his sustenance ) , his age , his  deeds , whether he will be miserable or happy , and then the spirit is breathed into him  (i.e. the soul is acquired)…”      (This is narrated in Sahih Muslim, book of destiny ” in Arabic Kitab al-Kadar”  and also  in Sahih Al-Bukhari , beginning of creation book “in Arabic Kitab Ba’doul Khalq “  ; the words of the hadith mentioned above is that shown by Muslim narration , which the the same as that shown in  the narration of Al-Bukhari , except  that the phrase “in that” was  not mentioned ). More »

After  the end of the uterine incubation period of the fetus , it becomes able to live outside the uterus without any health problems that could endanger his life . This means that duration of pregnancy has been ended and  indicates coming out of the uterus becomes a must. Allah – the Almighty – Said : ” …and We cause what We want to settle in the wombs  (  to be created ) till an appointed time, then We bring you out (of uterus)  as babies,…” ( Surah Al-haj , 22 : Ayah 5  ) ; ” Then We placed it in a place of settlement (qarar) , firmly fixed (makin) * For an appointed time  ” (Surah Al-Mursalat ,77 : Ayhat 21 & 22). It  clear from these verses that Qura’n has pointed to the fact that  pregnancy has a specific well-known period of time. Qura’n also has pointed out to the process of parturition or labor , Allah – the Almighty – Said : ”Then He made the way  ( the path to leave womb) easy  (for him)  “ (Surah Aba’sa, 80: Ayah 20). Thus , Allah – the Almighty – Had made the passage of the fetus from the uterus , at the time of delivery, easy and smooth . How ?? More »

     The Arabic term Ghayd ( make to vanish) was mentioned in Qura’n in two verses , the first : ” Allah knows what every female bears, and which the wombs make to  vanish  and  which they increase , And  everything with Him is in (due) measure .” ( Surah Al-Rad , 13 : Ayah 8 ) and the second : ” And it was said: O earth, swallow down your water, and O Sky , clear away (Withhold your rain) ; and the water was made to vanish and the matter was fulfilled , and the ark (the ship) rested on the (the mount) Judi, and it was said: Annihilation to the unjust people. ” ( Surah Hud, 11: Ayah 44) .

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Fertilization is the first stage of human development according to thebasics of embryology . This process begins when a sperm unites  with the mature ovum and it ends with the creation of the zygote . It normally occurs in the lateral third ( ampullary) part  of the uterine tube, the widest part that lies close to the ovary, and usually fertilization process takes about 24 hours.

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There are many non- Muslim objectors and rejecters to the concept of scientific miraculous description of embryological and medical facts in the Qura’n and the Sunnah . Regarding , the term nutfah used in Qura’n , some claim that Muslims describe it to be the genital fluid and that the meaning of nutfah as described in Qura’n to show the origin of life is the semen . They claim that this description of Qura’n is not new  and the  ejaculation of  semen during the sexual intercourse is a well-known event that can be watched  directly by all people all over the world and at all times . Moreover , this description in Qura’n  is identical to the seminal fluid in man , some translators of the meaning of terms in Qura’n translate nutfah according to this view into the sperm , and , as they claim , this  description means that human creation occurs from male only which is a  great scientific fault of  Qura’n !!   Do you want to know the answer to this false claim??

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Recent Scientific knowledge  have provided a proof  to the  hadeeth  (a prophet Muhammad talk) in which he gives us a hint about the manner by which one sex prevails.   According to this hadeeth , narrated by thauban  ,  when a Jew asked him about  child creation ,  He answered him : ”  male fluid is white and female fluid is yellow  , when they mix & male fluid prevails , they , with God permission , produce a male child  , but if  female fluid prevails , they , with God permission , produce a female child “ . ( This is  a part of a long hadeeth , narrated by   Saheeh Muslim ,  Al-Hyeed (Menstruation ) book , 315).

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Some objectors and deniers to the  scientific miracles of Qura’n indescribing stages of embryonic development , claim that the term mudghah used by Qura’n  to describe the embryo is vague . Moreover ,  the description of mudghah as a little piece of meat of a size that can be chewed , was not known before and it was lately  introduced  due to the presence of somites on the surface of developing embryo that simulate the teeth imprints on chewed gums.  They claim that this is not only an imaginary interpretation but also incorrect , because for an embryo to be in the size of a chewed piece of meat (  size reaching about 20-30 milliliters ) one should wait till the embryo is 8 weeks old to fulfill the meaning of mudghah , whereas  at the time alleged to be the duration of mudghah (26-27 days) the embryo’s size is not more than 4 millimeters.. How  to answer  these claims and refute them??

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The alaqah stage mentioned in Qura’n and its interpretations , is considered the most controversial stage of the developing embryo that  provoke objections among deniers of the scientific miracles of Qura’n and Sunnah in describing the stages of embryonic development. Some of these objectors , depending upon dictionaries of Arabic language , old commentators and ancient Arab poets , that alaqah means the clotted blood and according to this view , the embryo during alaqah stage is in the form of a clotted blood and this is a scientific error because there is no developmental stage of the embryo in which it is an clotted blood. Another group of objectors , depending upon the explanation given by professor Keith Moore that the embryo at 24 days is like a leech of water pools , although in the lateral view of the developing umbilicus (which is a part of the embryo) it is as large as the part similar to the leech . A third group of objectors describe that the explanation of alaqah to indicate that the embryo is suspended to the uterus was accurately described by Aristotle on the 4th century B.C. and he mentioned the suspension of the embryo in the uterus !! Thus, there are three claims  against alaqah described in Quran .. What is the answers to all these false claims???

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